Bitrates : how they affect music quality

In digital multimedia, bitrate represents the amount of information, or detail, that is stored per unit of time of a recording. The bitrate depends on several factors:

* the original material may be sampled at different frequencies
* the samples may use different numbers of bits
* the data may be encoded by different schemes
* the information may be digitally compressed by different algorithms or to different degrees

Generally, choices are made about the above factors in order to achieve the desired trade-off between minimizing the bitrate and maximizing the quality of the material when it is played.

If lossy data compression is used on audio or visual data, differences from the original signal will be introduced; if the compression is substantial, or lossy data is decompressed and recompressed, this may become noticeable in the form of compression artifacts. Whether these affect the perceived quality, and if so how much, depends on the compression scheme, encoder power, the characteristics of the input data, the listener’s perceptions, the listener's familiarity with artifacts, and the listening or viewing environment.

The bitrates in this section are approximately the minimum that the average listener in a typical listening or viewing environment, when using the best available compression, would perceive as not significantly worse than the reference standard:

[edit] Audio (MP3)

* 32 kbit/s — MW (AM) quality
* 96 kbit/s — FM quality
* 128–160 kbit/s — Standard Bitrate quality; difference can sometimes be obvious (e.g. bass quality)
* 192 kbit/s — DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) quality. Quickly becoming the new 'standard' bitrate for MP3 music; difference can be heard by few people.
* 224–320 kbit/s — Near CD quality. Sound is nearly indistinguishable from most CDs.

[edit] Other audio

* 800 bit/s — minimum necessary for recognizable speech (using special-purpose FS-1015 speech codecs)
* 8 kbit/s — telephone quality (using speech codecs)
* 500 kbit/s–1 Mbit/s — lossless audio as used in formats such as FLAC, WavPack or Monkey's Audio
* 1411 kbit/s — PCM sound format of Compact Disc Digital Audio

[edit] Video (MPEG2)

* 16 kbit/s — videophone quality (minimum necessary for a consumer-acceptable "talking head" picture)
* 128 – 384 kbit/s — business-oriented videoconferencing system quality
* 1.25 Mbit/s — VCD quality
* 5 Mbit/s — DVD quality
* 15 Mbit/s — HDTV quality
* 36 Mbit/s — HD DVD quality
* 54 Mbit/s — Blu-ray Disc quality


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